Abdul Sattar Edhi (Pakistani humanitarian)

today is the day of losing the greatest human being and the beginning of misanthropy (misanthropist who are?? you know them very well, you are all aware of them, about whom I wanted to say I don’t want to mention them )yeah, this is the date, the philanthropist, humanitarian, and ascetic, An Angel of Mercy left this mortal world The richest poor man Abdul Sattar Edhi Sahab. was a Pakistani humanitarian who founded Edhi Foundation which runs the world’s largest volunteer ambulance network. Abdul Sattar Edhi was born in a trader family in 1928 in Bantvan in Gujarat British India, father’s name was Abdul Shakoor Edhi and his mother name was Ghurba Edhi, have one brother Abdul Aziz Edhi.he got married in 1965 to Bilquis. had four children ( two daughters Kubra Edhi and Iimas Edhi and two sons Faisal Edhi and Kutub Edhi )he was considered to be Pakistan’s most respected and legendary figure and in 2013 “the Huffington Post claimed that he might be ” the world’s greatest living humanitarian ” the Huffington post — HuffPost is an American news aggregator and blog with the localized and international edition, the site was launched on May 9, 2005, as the counterpart to the conservative news site Drudge Reporthis son Faisal Edhi said ( i have read this in dawn news reported in Dawn on July 8, 2016) that “he wished to be buried in the same clothes he used to wear, he also wanted to donate his body parts, but the only cornea can be donated as rest of the organ were not in healthy condition (because he died at the age of 88 )the state’s failure to help his struggling family care for his mother paralysed and suffering from mental Heath issues, was his painful and decisive turning point towards philanthropyin the sticky streets in the heart of Karachi, Mr Edhi full of idealism and hope opened his first clinic in 1956what are the golden words of Edhi Sahab, he said in his autobiography (A Mirror To The Blind) that “social welfare was my vocation I had to free it”what was the personality of human beings after Prophet Muhammed Mustafa peace be upon him, Edhi was a spiritual quest for the justice Edhi created maternity wards, morgues, orphanages, shelters and homes for the elderly all aimed at helping those who cannot help themselvesEdhi created a charitable empire out of nothingAbdul Sattar Edhi’s tireless work has helped save hundreds of thousands of love and show us what it means to be a man who works for the people”Despite all his success, he has always stayed humble, living a simple life in a small house barely large enough to encapsulate his enormous heart” you know he never established a home for his own children he summited, offered surrendered his all life to the nation as my friend Muhammad Qamar has written Urdu lines on ID 

  وہ سڑک پر نکلتا تو لوگ جھک کر سلام کرتے، 

اسے بابا جی کہہ کر بلاتے، وہ ہزاروں یتیموں کا باپ تھا، 

وہ ہزاروں بیواؤں کا کفیل تھا، وہ ہر لاوارث لاش کا وارث تھا، 

بھوکوں کو کھانا کھلانے والا، زخمیوں کو اسپتال پہنچانے والا،

 بے سہاروں کو سہارا دینے والا،یتیموں کے سر پر ہاتھ رکھنے والا، 

غریب بچے بچیوں کی شادی کروانے والا

الغرض دکھیاروں کے دکھ بانٹنے والا 

عبد الستار ایدھی..

 and someone else has said that

 لوگ سمجھیں نہیں عظمت کو وگرنہخدمتِ خلق ہی انساں کو قلندر کر دے

 ___ I am truly devastated, we lost a superhuman this day. the most loved Pakistani and one of our greatest hero Edhi not only we Pakistani but the world will mourn the loss of a great human being today is the death anniversary of Edhi Sahab may Allah rest his soul in peace writer|RAIMAL RAJA KOLHI

Sheikh Ayaz (late vice chancellor University of Sindh ) by Raimal Raja

Sheikh Ayaz was Born on 2nd March 1923 in Shikarpur, in a little home of Ghulam Hussain Sheikh. And was died on 28th December 1997 That time no one knows that who was born in a little family will one day become a greater poet of Sindhi. no one knows that his poetry will vibrate in the mind of every upcoming generation. Sheikh Sahab got his early education in Shikarpur, spent his early days in Shikarpur. his original name was Mubarak Ali, his many books ( prose and poetry) was translated into many languages like Punjabi, Urdu and English. Sheikh Ayaz was not only a poet but he was also found as a philosopher. he did his law degree from Sakhar and was also appointed as vice-chancellor of Sindh university. his first published Gazal with the title of Mard e Khuda in a magazine in Shikarpur. Ayaz'poetry was sung not only in Sindh but was sung by great singers all over the country

 . اسين ننڍ جا نيڻ آھيون پرين سوتي ساھ جاگي وڃي دور دور ستارا لتاڙي اسان جو شعور۔ 

۔ سوين چنڊ ساٿي سوين ڪائناتون نا اغاز جن و نا انجام جن جو

 زمانا مڪان کان مسسل نيجادون ازل کان ابل تاءن سک جون باراتون

 جڏهن موٽ کانون سوين راز آڻيون سوين چنڊ چاھيون ستارا تڳايون انهن سان اچي جڳـ ـ 

سڄو جڳمگايون اسين جڳ جا باڳ آھيون پرين

 اسين جڳ جا باڳ آھيون پرين

on the reference of twentieth-century poetry, trendsetters, those who set trends of new classical poetry, on these Sheikh Ayaz ranked top on the list

 لوھي آواز ٻٔرن ٿا مون م ميان صدين جا ڪي ساز چڙڪڻ پيا چت م

 this is Shaikh Ayaz many genius poets are born in indo-pak, subcontinent, for example, Tagore as a reference of Bangali language, in Urdu and Parisian Allama Iqbal and after them in the same consecution who is a great poet the reference of Sindhi language, first and last that is Shaikh Ayaz.

 مون ڪيئن ماريندو،مون جيڏو شاعر ڪٿي، ماري ساريندو،مونکي ڪيئي صديون

 the essences of all poets Sheikh claim "I alone myself is the quintessence of your history"

مان جو پورو تکت تنهنجي ھن تاريخ جو

 this is the claim of Sheikh Ayaz when we say that if there is any representative poet of all the language of this indo-pak, who is collecting essence from all, to pottery his own verse, then this is Sheikh Ayaz. Sheikh Ayaz also wrote fiction his first fiction book " Sufeed washyee" was published in 1946. he was also appointed as editor of the college magazine, Sheikh Ayaz name counted as the most famous lawyer of Sindh. people came to meet him from various cities to discuss their cases, there were different characters on them to whom he presented in his autobiography and told out them. When he heard their issues and problems, he got so much to write in his poetry which are such criminal incidents, those happen in the village, "land disputes" " murder " honour killing such problems came in front of Sheikh Ayaz, as a lawyer and he used them in two different ways, and meaning, one he used to make cases as a lawyer and by that reason he used to try and win. After that, he used these events in his poetry

. بي موت مٔـٔا- تو لأء ڪٺا انسان ھزارين مان نـ رڳو

 ھن دنيا ۾ اي ديس! ھٔيا نادان ھزارين مان نـ رڳو 

جي راھ اجل ڪنهن ورتي آ٠ ھونء ڪـٔي ٻي ڀر تي آ, 

ھي ڌرتي تو کي پرتي آ, مھمان ھزارين مان رڳو 

اک ساري رات ن جھپڪي آ ۔ ء شبنم شبنم ٽپڪي آ 

جي باک گٔھري ٿي بٔک۔ ت اي زندان! ھزارين مان نـ رڳوـ

 ٿو ساري ڪوب ن سٔڃ مــٔاـ

 ھٔو رٔڃ مــٔا جي أڃ مٔــا ڇا پاپي پرکي پڃ مٔــاـ ارمان ھزارين مان نـ رڳو

 ڇو چنڊ اسان کي رات ٺري ـ ڏي چانڊوڪئ جو زھر ڀري؟ 

آ ڪيڏو پويون پھر پري! حيران ھزارين مان نـ رڳو

 تون چـٔء نـ ڪٔڇان ـ تون چـٔء نـ لڇان پر توکان ھڪڙي ڳالهه پڇان؟

 تون ڪنهن ڪنهن کي خاموش ڪندين اعلان ھزارين مان نـ رڳو 

 ھي دؤر اياز ڱذرڻوآ ء پنهنجو وارو ورڻوآ ڪو ٻارڻٔ نـ ٻرڻو آ امڪان ھزارين مان نـ رڳو

 and today is 2nd March, 2nd March is the day of great poet and philosopher. today is the 98th birthday of great poet Sheikh Ayaz happy birthday to a great poet of Sindh by RAIMAL RAJA KOLHI

Impact of dramas in society

It is beyond to doubt that drama is a kind of literature, which exposes the circumstances and truth of society but now a day that I have been observing that dramas keep the worst influence. The worst dramas that have been a bad impact on society, traditions, culture and ethics. And how it has damage the minds of people? How it destroys culture and society? As for as Pakistani drama are concerned, there was a standard from the beginning The eternal, perpetual dramas, people who still remember. But over the last twenty years in the Pakistani drama’s industry has changed a lot. The word “drama” was derived from the Greek word “dran” which means “do an act” and it was used in the early 16th century. And the real purpose of dramas was to improve the characters, build confidence and entertain viewers. But sad to say that its the purpose to give amusement to viewers, entertain to viewers is no more exist in dramas except business and diverting people toward the dark. The Pakistani drama industry does not know, it is unknown to the reality that what will impact this in society, on culture, traditions, and ethics. There are many dramas in which morality has been violated. And every drama brings a new way of committing the crime. And you know, that in drama smoking, drinking and other toxic drugs are common. Drama industry has no any knowledge of greater impacts on little children and the young generation, and in dramas often shown that how a girl from a strict family without telling her parents that she can run her affairs secretly and how without informed to her family can go in parties. And not only that but much more, that one girl/boy can keep affairs and how to handle more than one affairs at a time. And how to make someone else responsible for saving yourself and by using necromancy (black magic) how can our desires be fulfilled, how to kidnapping, how to murder, these all things teach us by dramas and movies. The shameless thing is that the rapist is also the hero in some dramas and movies, so this drama has a great impact on our psychologically, mentally and morally Whenever we talk about suicide cases and rape cases in the country it happens due to these types of nonsense dramas. that are dramas that teach, how to convince parents by blackmailing and committing suicide. drama viewers children, women, young and elder are all very much influenced by the characters and story shown in the dramas. they connect their emotions with dramas and movies. There are two types of viewers. 1 just watcher. 2 deep watcher As far as we talk about "just viewers/watchers, it take to dramas just for entertainment and just a fiction not real, but deep watcher are those who takes it seriously and attach its feeling and emotions with dramas and he deadly believes in dramas and connects it's real-life with a central character of that drama or movie. He adopts its methods and manners. In the same way, like that drama, there come ups and downs in his real life. A little child looks, it’s around here and here, it sees what is happening around him. He observed in the atmosphere and acquire good and bad from family as well as from society. When he grows up, enhances his interest in movies, dramas, and cartoon. There he sees unethical habits and adopts them. The adolescent is the age in which character build and self-confident is formed and people in this age can understand from books neither from anyone’s advice nor from what anyone has said. But they just react to what they are seeing in movies, in dramas, in society. They copy by watching other people doing right or wrong. The thing that plays a vital role in its life is modeling means doing, acting, reacting, and behaving by watching others, that may be in its family members, that may be in society or on TV. They learn how to eat, how to behave with elders and younger only by watching peoples. If someone’s child is rude to someone that doesn’t mean that he is rude by birth. NO! Remember that by birth no one born rude or behavior. It was taught by its family, society, or by dramas and movies. He learns all the things from family, society and TV, and he accepts all that manner and methods. In this way they have selected their role model by watching them, they can be teachers, parents, and TV actors, etc. The essential thing is that self-esteem is more influenced, it getting low. These dramas are promoting immorality and causing a lot of problems like suicide cases, depressing cases and raping cases, etc. This is all arising due to unethical dramas. You are well known than me that what is actually playing on the Pakistani TV channel. These Pakistani unethical, reprobate and licentious dramas are completely destroying people educationally, culturally, ethically, morally, traditionally, and psychologically. These Pakistani dramas lead not toward education but only toward the illegal and sinful activities. This, you can see in a lot of dramas like “band khirkiyon ke pechhy”, as this drama has nonsense name so are the scenes also unethical/ unconscionable. You can imagine what will be in this drama just reading its name (band khirkiyon ke pechhy). You may have seen American seasons like “Revenge”, “Private” “Practice” and “Desperate Housewives”, this drama is also inspired by them. We know that these things are common for Americans, it’s their culture but not ours, it’s not Pakistani culture and the Pakistani drama industry has need know this, that this is Pakistan, not America here we have different culture and traditions as compare to British and America. Similarly, another drama (Rishtay Udoray) in which how traditions blew up and here now come new extender version of rishtay udoray, in which a sister falls in love with his brother in law and get pregnant without marriage (illegitimate child). What is a good message from this type of drama to viewers? No any limit to shamelessness in this drama and you may have heard about this nonsense drama named “ kitni Girhain Baaki hain.” In this drama same-gender attach to same-gender (lesbian; a gay woman), they show their feeling for the same gender. One girl is attached to another girl, she shows her feeling but not for a boy but for a girl. Now, these nonsense dramas attract people toward sin and vulgarity, and you surely heard another unethical drama “Chup Raho”. there was great repetition on it, not to play it on the TV screen, but still, it was played on TV channel. All in 28 episodes this unethical and nonsense thing showed again and again. The theme was like this that a brother in law ferociously abuses his sister in law and keep on illegal relationships with his sister in law. What is this? What this all happening in dramas even in Pakistani? Is this Pakistani culture? How do they want to convey a good message to the viewers? What do they want to teach to society through these dramas? Let’s suppose, if they punish him in the last 5-10 minutes in the ending of dramas then what positive message they left for the viewer because the viewer has still that thought which is shown in beginning, the viewer has noticed starting scene not ending. I don’t think that he will get any positive message from this drama except sinful. Just because of these dramas, there arise many cases of these types in real life like abuses with little innocent girls, with maiden and women. Every year we hear many cases that someone is viciously wronged with someone and murdered. God’s sake promotes good dramas ( with good purpose which at least entertain someone) but don’t play these abusive plays on the Pakistani TV channel. Play those plays(dramas) which show a positive image for society and can be seen with family. And here is this same thing repeated in another drama “Dil Ruba”. this drama is also full of shameless scenes Now here comes the father racist dramas named “Udaari”. You may have seen a lot of widow women whose daughters are growing up or may be grown up and many offers have given to her for remarriage. She thinks that she and her daughters have no any supporter and that’s why she finally accepts that offer and ready to remarry. In some cases happened like this that the man who marries with the widow is not interested in her but interested in her daughters. I am not saying that all are the same and it happens with everyone. No! But in rare cases, these issues arise just by watching these nonsense dramas. Many daughters being brutally hunted by their step-father. In the same way, these types of scenes and stories happened in this drama “Udaari”. this drama has crossed the boundary of immorality, unethical, vice, and wicked. My words fall short while describing it, my words do not accompany me in telling it. I have run out of words. The drama has a very shameless and violated theme. It has altogether destroyed ethics and it has mentally demolishing message for the viewers. You may have seen/ heard about this drama that a father has a bad eye on his step daughter and once he has raped her. These dramas “Udaari”, “Chup Raho”, “Jalan”, “Ishqiya”, “Deewangi” and “Pyar ke sadqay” put the concept in mind to commit crime. Otherwise, by birth, no one is born with criminal thought. By Raimal Raja Kolhi

How to improve your English language skills?

When we talk about improving English what exactly do we mean? Is it enhancing your vocabulary, learning new phrases and idioms, understanding grammar, improving your comprehension, identifying common errors, working on translation skills, understanding analogies, getting grip on punctuation, learning how tenses are structured and how they are “used”, knowing about sentence structures? Yes, all of these and a lot more. It’s a complete package and there’s no overnight, sauna-belt solution to this English conundrum. All these things plus “style”. Let me interject this piece here with some words on style and we will revert to basics later. Style, in my opinion, is most commonly ignored while teaching English and students are also not cognizant of this fact that what separates men from boys is style and expression -- you may have some excellent thoughts in your head but the way you express them makes all the difference. What makes an ordinary chef a master chef? 

Among other things, style and presentation. Find your voice, your style of writing and practice it to perfection. Be so good they can’t ignore you. But what is style? Have something to say, and say it as clearly as you can. That is the only secret of style. There are many things that make writing interesting and hard to ignore but, for me, the most important of them is how you structure your sentences. An excerpt from the internet is pertinent here: Think about how primary-school children write: it’s all short sentences. I got up at seven this morning. Then I had some breakfast. Then I walked to school. Then I had Maths. I don’t like Maths. Then I had English. That was better… no wonder most people get the idea at that age that long sentences are good, and short sentences are bad. When we pause to think about it, we know it isn’t true, and yet it’s still a practice that we slip into: trying to make our writing sound better by making our sentences longer. Had that primary-school child been a more skilled writer, they might have written: “I got up at seven this morning. After I had some breakfast, I walked to school. I had Maths, which I don’t like, then English. That was better.” Two of the sentences are still just as short as in the original, while the rest are longer – and it’s the variety that makes it so much more readable. Remember Varied sentences good, long sentences bad. You do not create a style. You work, and develop yourself; your style is an emanation from your own being. Work on yourself first and let’s start from the basics to find your own voice in the later stages of development. To the basics, we return. Get a firm grip on grammar – a grip so firm that your thoughts are automatically articulated into sentences of your liking and structures of your choice. Know that there are four basic structures of English sentences and you must know how to use them. So, do you know your way around verb tenses, grammar and punctuation and can avoid the common pitfalls? Congratulations, you have qualified to be an “aspirant”. To become an officer now you need to polish your skills with toil, tears and sweat. You read a newspaper and don’t understand what’s going on? There are certain words you haven’t heard before, a certain phrase perhaps? Make a diary and start writing new words with their Urdu and English meanings, identify which part of speech they belong to — noun, verb, adjective et al.— and use the word in a sentence or rewrite the sentence you have just read from the newspaper or book. We need practical vocabulary and there is no need to learn those SAT or GRE words. I never did. Just used the technique mentioned above and built a sizable lexicon for myself that is practical and usable. What to observe while reading? Don’t just look for new words; rather, observe the sentence structures, order of words, identify parts of speech, see how paragraphs are constructed, and check the coherence and clarity of thought. There’s much to observe, learn and imitate. Read good authors and imitate their style. Read a thousand books and your words will flow like a river. You have to read good to write good. There is no alternative to this. Whoever tells you otherwise is selling something—maybe his notes. RAIMAL RAJA

reduced syllabus of XII

Most important book in Vedic Dharm or Sanatan Charm or Hinduism

The most popular among the Aryan religions is Hinduism. ‘Hindu’ is actually a Persian word that stands for the inhabitants of the region beyond the Indus Valley. However, in common parlance, Hinduism is a blanket term for an assortment of religious beliefs, most of which are based on the Vedas, the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.
II INTRODUCTION TO HINDU SCRIPTURES.

 There are several sacred scriptures of the Hindus. Among these are the Vedas, Upanishads and the Puranas.
1.  
VEDAS: 

1. The word Veda is derived from vid which means to know, knowledge par excellence or sacred wisdom. There are four principal divisions of the Vedas (although according to their number, they amount to 1131 out of which about a dozen are available). According to Maha Bhashya of Patanjali, there are 21 branches of Rigveda, 9 types of Atharvaveda, 101 branches of Yajurveda and 1000 of Samveda).
    
2. The Rigveda, the Yajurveda and the Samveda are considered to be more ancient books and are known as Trai Viddya or the ‘Triple Sciences’. The Rigveda is the oldest and has been compiled in three long and different periods of time. The 4th Veda is the Atharvaveda, which is of a later date.
    
3. There is no unanimous opinion regarding the date of compilation or revelation of the four Vedas. According to Swami Dayanand, founder of the Arya Samaj, the Vedas were revealed 1310 million years ago. According to other scholars, they are not more than 4000 years old.
4. Similarly, there are differing opinions regarding the places where these books were compiled and the Rishis to whom these Scriptures were given. Inspite of these differences, the Vedas are considered to be the most authentic of the Hindu Scriptures and the real foundations of the Hindu Dharma.

2.  

UPANISHADS:

 

1. The word 'Upanishad' is derived from Upa meaning near, Ni which means down and Shad means to sit. Therefore ‘Upanishad’ means sitting down near. Groups of pupils sit near the teacher to learn from him the secret doctrines.
   
   According to Samkara, ‘Upanishad’ is derived from the root word Sad which means ‘to loosen’, ‘to reach’ or ‘to destroy’, with Upa and ni as prefix; therefore ‘Upanishad’ means Brahma-Knowledge by which ignorance is loosened or destroyed.
2. The number of Upanishads exceeds 200 though the Indian tradition puts it at 108. There are 10 principal Upanishads. However, some consider them to be more than 10, while others 18.
3. The Vedanta meant originally the Upanishads, though the word is now used for the system of philosophy based on the Upanishad. Literally, Vedanta means the end of the Veda, Vedasua-antah, and the conclusion as well as the goal of Vedas. The Upanishads are the concluding portion of the Vedas and chronologically they come at the end of the Vedic period.
4. Some Pundits consider the Upanishads to be more superior to the Vedas.

3.  

PURANAS:

 

Next in order of authenticity are the Puranas which are the most widely read scriptures. It is believed that the Puranas contain the history of the creation of the universe, history of the early Aryan tribes, life stories of the divines and deities of the Hindus. It is also believed that the Puranas are revealed books like the Vedas, which were revealed simultaneously with the Vedas or sometime close to it.

Maharishi Vyasa has divided the Puranas into 18 voluminous parts. He also arranged the Vedas under various heads.

Chief among the Puranas is a book known as Bhavishya Purana. It is called so because it is believed to give an account of future events. The Hindus consider it to be the word of God. Maharishi yasa is considered to be just the compiler of the book.

4.  

ITIHAAS:

 

The two epics of Hinduism are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

A. Ramayana:

According to Ramanuja, the great scholar of Ramayana, there are more than 300 different types of Ramayana: Tulsidas Ramayana, Kumbha Ramayana. Though the outline of Ramayana is same, the details and contents differ.

Valmiki’s Ramayana:

Unlike the Mahabharata, the Ramayana appears to be the work of one person – the sage Valmiki, who probably composed it in the 3rd century BC. Its best-known recension (by Tulsi Das, 1532-1623) consists of 24,000 rhymed couplets of 16-syllable lines organised into 7 books. The poem incorporates many ancient legends and draws on the sacred books of the Vedas. It describes the efforts of Kosala’s heir, Rama, to regain his throne and rescue his wife, Sita, from the demon King of Lanka.

Valmiki's Ramayana is a Hindu epic tradition whose earliest literary version is a Sanskrit poem attributed to the sage Valmiki. Its principal characters are said to present ideal models of personal, familial, and social behavior and hence are considered to exemplify Dharma, the principle of moral order.

B. Mahabharata:

The nucleus of the Mahabharata is the war of eighteen days fought between the Kauravas, the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra and Pandavas, the five sons of Pandu. The epic entails all the circumstances leading upto the war. Involved in this Kurukshetra battle were almost all the kings of India joining either of the two parties. The result of this war was the total annihilation of Kauravas and their party. Yudhishthira, the head of the Pandavas, became the sovereign monarch of Hastinapura. His victory is supposed to symbolise the victory of good over evil. But with the progress of years, new matters and episodes relating to the various aspects of human life, social, economic, political, moral and religious as also fragments of other heroic legends came to be added to the aforesaid nucleus and this phenomenon continued for centuries until it acquired the present shape. The Mahabharata represents a whole literature rather than one single and unified work, and contains many multifarious things.

C. Bhagavad Gita:

Bhagavad Gita is a part of Mahabharata. It is the advice given by Krishna to Arjun on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. It contains the essence of the Vedas and is the most popular of all the Hindu Scriptures. It contains 18 chapters.

The Bhagavad Gita is one of the most widely read and revered of the works sacred to the Hindus. It is their chief devotional book, and has been for centuries the principal source of religious inspiration for many thousands of Hindus.

The Gita is a dramatic poem, which forms a small part of the larger epic, the Mahabharata. It is included in the sixth book (Bhismaparvan) of the Mahabaharata and documents one tiny event in a huge epic tale.

The Bhagavad Gita tells a story of a moral crisis faced by Arjuna, which is solved through the interaction between Arjuna, a Pandava warrior hesitating before battle, and Krishna, his charioteer and teacher. The Bhagavad Gita relates a brief incident in the main story of a rivalry and eventually a war between two branches of a royal family. In that brief incident - a pause on the battlefield just as the battle is about to begin - Krishna, one chief on one side (also believed to be the Lord incarnate), is presented as responding to the doubts of Arjuna. The poem is the dialogue through which Arjuna’s doubts were resolved by Krishna’s teachings.
 

Ranks of pak forces Army vs Air Force vs navy

Ranks, BPS Comparison of Pakistan Army, Navy and PAF

The following is a list of the ranks, insignia (badges) and BPS Pay Scales of the personnel of Pakistan Army, Navy and Air Force.

Commissioned Officers Ranks

Officer rank badges are displayed on the shoulders.

BPS	Pakistan Army	Pakistan Air Force (PAF)	Pakistan Navy
BPS Apex	Field Marshal (5 Star) (it was only awarded to Field Marshal Ayub Khan)	Marshal of the Air Force (5 Star) (never awarded)	Admiral of the Fleet (5 Star) (never awarded)
BPS Apex	General (Gen) (4 Star)	Air Chief Marshal (ACM) (4 Star)	Admiral (Adm) (4 Star)
BPS-22	Lieutenant General (Lt Gen) (3 Star)	Air Marshal (AM) (3 Star)	Vice Admiral (V Adm) (3 Star)
BPS-21	Major General (Maj Gen) (2 Star)	Air Vice Marshal (AVM) (2 Star)	Rear Admiral (R Adm) (2 Star)
BPS-20	Brigadier (Brig) (1 Star)	Air Commodore (Air Cdre) (1 Star)	Commodore (Cdre) (1 Star)
BPS-19	Colonel (Col)	Group Captain (Gp Capt)	Captain (Capt)
BPS-19	Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col)	Wing Commander (Wg Cdr)	Commander (Cdr)
BPS-18	Major (Maj)	Squadron Leader (Sqn Ldr)	Lieutenant Commander (Lt Cdr)
BPS-17	Captain (Capt)	Flight Lieutenant (Flt Lt)	Lieutenant (Lt)
BPS-17	Lieutenant (Lt)	Flying Officer (Flg Off)	Sub Lieutenant (S/Lt)
BPS-17	Second Lieutenant (2nd Lt)	Pilot Officer (Plt Off)	Midshipman

Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs) Ranks

JCOs also wear ranks on the shoulders of uniform.

	Pakistan Army	Pakistan Air Force	Pakistan Navy
BPS-16	Subedar Major	Chief Warrant Officer	Master Chief Petty Officer
BPS-15	Subedar	Warrant Officer	Fleet Chief Petty Officer
BPS-14	Naib Subedar	Assistant Warrant Officer	Chief Petty Officer

Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs) Ranks

The Non Commissioned Officers rank badges are displayed on arm sleeves.

	Pakistan Army	Pakistan Air Force	Pakistan Navy
BPS-13	Battalion Havildar Major	Chief Technician	Petty Officer
BPS-12	Battalion Quartermaster Havildar	Senior Technician
BPS-11	Company Havildar Major	Corporal Technician	Leading Rate
BPS-10	Company Quartermaster Havildar	Junior Technician
BPS-9	Havildar	Senior Aircraftman	Able Seaman
BPS-8	Lance Havildar	Leading Aircraftman
BPS-8	Naik (Nk)
BPS-7	Lance Naik	Aircraftman	Ordinary Rate
BPS-7	Soldier

All the information given here collected from different online resources including official websites of these three forces. However if anybody found any error or omission in this post, please write it in comments.